BMW 3 of the E46 series

since 1998 release

Repair and operation of the car



BMW 3 of the E46 series
+ BMW 3 Cars (E46)
+ Current leaving and service
+ Engine
+ Cooling systems, heating
+ Power supply systems, injection and release
- Electric equipment of the engine
   General information and security measures
   + System of electronic control by ignition and injection of the petrol engine
   + System of ignition
   + System of preheat of the diesel engine
   - Systems of a charge and start
      General information on system
      The battery - the main data and leaving
      Removal and installation of the battery
      Check of the battery
      Generator. General information and security measures
      Removal and installation of the generator
      Check and replacement of brushes of the generator / regulator of tension
      Removal and installation, check of a starter
      Removal, installation and check of the traction relay of a starter
+ RKPP and transmission line
+ Automatic transmission
+ Coupling and power shafts
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment
+ Schemes of electric equipment



Systems of a charge and start

General information on system

All cars considered in this manual have the electric system working with tension of 12 Century. Connection of weight passes through the minus plug of the battery. The battery is in a motive compartment or a luggage carrier, depending on model.

For start of the engine the starter is used. The switch of a starter is a component of the switch of ignition and at inclusion excites the traction relay installed on a starter.

The installed generator, the demanded maximum current depending on the engine calculated (address to Specifications), is made by Bosch or Motorola firms.

The generator is put in action from the crankshaft through ridge maple a belt. The regulator installed on a back cover of the generator serves for adjustment of current of a charge.

The lamp of control of charging which is built in the dashboard indicates excellent job of electric equipment, so far a battery charge in norm.

Coal deposits

Symptoms: Availability of soot indicates reenrichment of fuel and air mix or weak intensity of a spark. Causes admissions of ignition, complicates start and results in instability of operation of the engine.

Recommendations: Whether check the air cleaner is hammered, whether fuel level in a float-operated chamber is not too high, whether the air gate is jammed and whether contacts are not too worn-out. Try to use candles with longer insulator that increases resilience to pollution.


Normal state of a candle

Symptoms: Gray-brown color and easy wear of electrodes. The Kalilny number of candles corresponds to type of the engine and its general state.

Recommendations: When replacing candles establish candles of the same type.


Oiling

Symptoms: Oiling of a candle is caused by wear of maslootrazhatelny caps. Oil gets to the combustion chamber through the worn-out directing valves or piston rings. Causes admissions of ignition, complicates start and results in instability of operation of the engine.

Recommendations: Perform mechanical recovery work and replace candles.


Peploobrazovaniye

Symptoms: Soft brownish color of adjournment on one or both electrodes of a candle. A source of their education are the applied additives to oil and/or fuel. Excessive accumulation can lead to isolation of electrodes and cause admissions of ignition and unstable operation of the engine at acceleration.

Recommendations: At fast accumulation of deposits change maslootrazhatelny caps that will prevent hit of oil in combustion chambers. Try to replace fuel brand.


Overheat

Symptoms: Porous, white insulator, erosion of electrodes and lack of any deposits. Leads to reduction of service life of a candle.

Recommendations: Whether check the kalilny number of the established candles conforms to requirements of Specifications, whether the ignition advancing corner is correctly exposed, whether too poor fuel and air mix moves, whether there are no leakages of vacuum of the inlet pipeline and whether valves are jammed. Check also the level of a cooler and whether the radiator is corked.


Wear

Symptoms: A rounding off of electrodes with a small congestion of deposits on the working end. Color normal. Leads to difficulty of start of the engine in cold damp weather and to fuel consumption increase.

Recommendations: Change candles on new, the same type.


Too early ignition

Symptoms: Electrodes are melted off. The insulator has white color, but maybe is polluted owing to admissions of ignition or hit in combustion chambers of foreign particles. Can lead to an engine exit out of operation.

Recommendations: Check kalilny number of the established candles, an ignition advancing corner, quality of mix (whether it is not too grown poor), whether the cooling system is corked and whether the lubrication system normally functions.


Detonation

Symptoms: Insulators can be chopped off or burst. Also inaccurate technology of adjustment of a candle gap can lead to damage of an insulator. Can lead to damage of pistons.


Electroconductive luster

Symptoms: The insulator has yellowish color and the polished appearance. Speaks about sudden temperature increase in combustion chambers at sharp acceleration. Usual deposits thus are melted off, taking a form of a varnish covering. Leads to admissions of ignition at high speeds of the movement.

Recommendations: Replace candles (colder, at preservation of a manner of a driving).


Zabryzgivaniye

Symptoms: After admissions of ignition during a long period of adjournment can be loosened at preservation of working temperature in the combustion chamber. At high speeds of adjournment in flakes come off the piston and stick to a hot insulator, causing admissions of ignition.

Recommendations: Replace candles or smooth out and establish into place the old.


Short circuit of electrodes

Symptoms: Waste of products of combustion gets to interelectrode space. Firm deposits accumulate, forming a crossing point between electrodes. Leads to refusal of ignition in the cylinder.

Recommendations: Remove deposits from interelectrode space.


Mechanical damages

Symptoms: Can be caused by hit of foreign materials in the combustion chamber or arise at blow of the piston about too long candle. Lead to refusal of functioning of the cylinder and to damage of the piston.

Recommendations: Remove foreign particles from the engine and/or replace.